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Contoh Soal Hukum Faraday Lanjutan

Contoh Soal Hukum Faraday Lanjutan

Contoh Soal Faraday I: Elektrolisis

Dalam proses elektrolisis, arus listrik digunakan untuk menguraikan suatu senyawa dalam bentuk larutan atau lelehan menjadi dua atau lebih unsur penyusunnya. Elektrolisis banyak dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai aplikasi industri, seperti produksi logam, pelapisan logam, dan sintesis bahan kimia. Berikut adalah contoh soal terkait hukum Faraday I dalam elektrolisis:

Sejumlah arus listrik 1,5 ampere dialirkan melalui suatu larutan tembaga(II) sulfat (CuSO₄) selama 1 jam. Jika massa atom relatif Cu = 63,5 dan valensi Cu dalam CuSO₄ adalah 2, maka massa logam tembaga (Cu) yang dihasilkan adalah:

Penyelesaian:

Dari hukum Faraday I, jumlah zat yang dibebaskan pada elektrode berbanding lurus dengan jumlah muatan listrik yang mengalir. Muatan listrik yang mengalir dapat dihitung menggunakan persamaan:

Q = I × t

di mana:
Q adalah muatan listrik (Coulomb)
I adalah kuat arus (Ampere)
t adalah waktu (sekon)

Dalam contoh ini, arus listrik I = 1,5 A dan waktu t = 1 jam = 3600 s. Jadi, muatan listrik yang mengalir adalah:

Q = 1,5 A × 3600 s = 5400 C

Selanjutnya, dapat dihitung jumlah mol logam tembaga yang dihasilkan menggunakan persamaan:

n = Q / (z × F)

di mana:
n adalah jumlah mol
z adalah valensi ion logam (dalam hal ini, z = 2 untuk Cu²⁺)
F adalah konstanta Faraday (96.500 C/mol)

Men substitusikan nilai yang diketahui:

n = 5400 C / (2 × 96.500 C/mol) = 0,028 mol

Terakhir, massa logam tembaga yang dihasilkan dapat dihitung menggunakan persamaan:

m = n × Mr

di mana:
m adalah massa (gram)
n adalah jumlah mol
Mr adalah massa atom relatif (dalam hal ini, Mr untuk Cu = 63,5 g/mol)

Men substitusikan nilai yang diketahui:

m = 0,028 mol × 63,5 g/mol = 1,769 g

Jadi, massa logam tembaga (Cu) yang dihasilkan adalah 1,769 gram.

Contoh Soal Faraday II: Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ion

Sebuah sel elektrokimia terdiri dari elektrode tembaga yang dicelupkan ke dalam larutan CuSO4 konsentrasi 0,1 M dan elektrode seng yang dicelupkan ke dalam larutan ZnSO4 konsentrasi 0,01 M. Jika kedua elektrode dihubungkan dengan kawat penghantar, akan terjadi reaksi redoks sebagai berikut.

Katode (elektrode tembaga):

Cu2+(aq) + 2 e → Cu(s)

Anode (elektrode seng):

Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2 e

Tentukan massa elektrode tembaga yang mengendap setelah arus listrik 1 ampere dialirkan selama 1 jam.

**Diketahui:**

  • Konsentrasi CuSO4: 0,1 M
  • Konsentrasi ZnSO4: 0,01 M
  • Arus listrik: 1 A
  • Waktu: 1 jam = 3600 s
  • Arus mol Faraday: 96500 C/mol

Contoh Soal Faraday III: Pengaruh Luas Elektroda

Sebuah sel elektrolisis digunakan untuk melapisi logam perak pada sebuah permukaan logam. Sel tersebut menggunakan larutan perak nitrat (AgNO3) sebagai elektrolit dan sebuah batang karbon sebagai elektroda positif (anoda). Arus listrik sebesar 2 ampere dilewatkan melalui sel tersebut selama 30 menit.

Jika luas permukaan elektroda negatif adalah 10 cm2, hitunglah:

  1. Massa perak yang diendapkan pada elektroda negatif.
  2. Ketebalan lapisan perak yang terbentuk pada elektroda negatif.
  3. Ketebalan Lapisan Perak

    Untuk menghitung ketebalan lapisan perak, kita perlu mengetahui volume perak yang diendapkan. Volume ini dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus:

    Volume = Massa / Densitas

    Massa perak yang diendapkan telah dihitung sebelumnya sebagai 0,108 gram. Densitas perak adalah 10,49 gram per sentimeter kubik.

    Jadi, volume perak yang diendapkan adalah:

    Volume = 0,108 gram / 10,49 gram per sentimeter kubik = 0,0103 sentimeter kubik

    Ketebalan lapisan perak dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus:

    Ketebalan = Volume / Luas Permukaan

    Luas permukaan elektroda negatif adalah 10 sentimeter persegi. Jadi, ketebalan lapisan perak adalah:

    Ketebalan = 0,0103 sentimeter kubik / 10 sentimeter persegi = 0,00103 sentimeter

    Jadi, ketebalan lapisan perak yang terbentuk pada elektroda negatif adalah 0,00103 sentimeter atau 10,3 mikrometer.

Contoh soal Hukum Faraday memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang prinsip kelistrikan dasar. Melalui contoh-contoh komprehensif ini, siswa dapat menguasai konsep medan magnet, induksi elektromagnetik, dan gaya gerak listrik (GGL). Dengan memecahkan masalah dunia nyata yang diilustrasikan dalam soal-soal ini, siswa dapat mengembangkan keterampilan analitis dan pemahaman yang kuat tentang hukum penting dalam elektromagnetisme. Setiap soal menawarkan skenario unik, memberikan kesempatan bagi siswa untuk menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Hukum Faraday pada situasi yang bervariasi. Dengan mempelajari contoh-contoh soal ini secara mendalam, siswa dapat memperkuat pemahaman mereka dan mendapatkan kepercayaan diri dalam menguasai konsep hukum kelistrikan.

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